Personal Watercraft - Action/Reaction Hazards
Andrew H. Tudor, P.E.
(2004 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition)


[Personal Watercraft] Personal Watercraft (PWC) are small, light, high-horsepower boats. They are quite capable of injuring their occupants. This condition is exacerbated by the levels of acceleration these machines achieve under normal operating conditions, their unique operating characteristics, the design of the controls, operator/passenger configurations, seat and hand-hold designs and regulations. This paper explores the ergonomic design package, machine and boat design, injury patterns, safety hazards, regulations and some other issues that surround the PWC. Click here to view video illustrating the jet drive principle.


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[Thrust vs Throttle Position (typical)]



[Typical Propulsion System]











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